![]() Our current “best guess” is that the global mean changes in temperature, including the 1940-1970 cooling, are quite closely related to the forcings. Even then, any discrepancy might be due to internal variability (related principally to the ocean on multi-decadal time scales). Matching up what really happened with what we might have expected to happen requires taking into consideration all the forcings, as best as we can. ![]() Some forcings - sulfate and nitrate aerosols, land-use changes, solar irradiance, and volcanic aerosols, for instance - can cause cooling. ![]() In the real world, climate is affected both by internal variability (natural internal processes within the climate system) and forcings (external forces, either natural or human-induced, acting on the climate system). To support our nonprofit environmental journalism, please consider disabling your ad-blocker to allow ads on Grist. ![]()
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